This story is part of WWDC 2022, CNET's complete coverage from and about Apple's annual developers conference.

Apple introduced MacOS Ventura, the next operating system for Mac computers, at Apple's WWDC 2022 keynote on Monday. As the successor to MacOS Monterey, Ventura will offer new features in addition to upgrading Mac staples like Spotlight and Safari. 

And that's not the only change coming to the Mac world. Apple also announced a 2022 MacBook Air and MacBook Pro, both with a new M2 chip. (Here's a full list of the new tech Apple revealed at WWDC this week.)

Read on for all the updates and new tricks to expect when MacOS Ventura becomes publicly available this fall.

Stage Manager and other new features

Ventura adds a new feature called Stage Manager that helps you rearrange and group your open windows. Enabling the feature from Control Center will center your screen on one window, with other windows in a smaller thumbnail view on the side. Have multiple windows related to one project? You can group them together in Stage Manager, making it easier to jump around to what you need.

Ventura also brings updates to other apps and features. Upgrades to Spotlight will let you search the internet for images and also search within images. In Mail, you'll be able to undo and schedule sent messages, and Apple touted "more accurate and complete results" in Mail's search function. On Safari, you'll be able to share tab groups and create Passkeys -- unique login credentials for each individual site that requires a login. 

Plus, MacOS Ventura features Metal 3, an upgrade to the software that powers gaming on MacOS devices. These upgrades will allow the MacBook Air to run games at 1080p resolution, and Mac Studio devices will be able to play in up to 4K. 

MacOS Ventura brings new camera tricks

FaceTime gets an upgrade in the new MacOS, allowing you to seamlessly transition a call between iPhone, iPad and Mac. Ventura also lets you use your iPhone as your webcam in a new feature called Continuity Camera. A new Desk View feature uses the ultrawide camera on iPhones to create a portrait view and a desktop view side by side. Apple says Continuity Camera will work with every video chat app. 

MacOS Ventura will enter public beta in July, and Apple plans to release it in the fall.

Apple's MacOS has been around for more than 20 years, powering its Macs, MacBook Pros, MacBook Air and similar devices. However, Apple's Mac computers only represent less than 10% of the computers being used today. Apple's homegrown M-series chip is helping to change that, though. Apple said fans bought so many M1 Macs when they hit the market a year ago that they helped push the company's desktop and laptop revenues to an all-time high of $9.1 billion during the first three months of the year. Sales were up a whopping 70% from the same period a year earlier.

For more, check out everything else Apple debuted at WWDC, including WatchOS 9 and iOS 16, as well as Apple's new MacBook Pro and MacBook Air. 

CNET's Ian Sherr contributed to this report.

The new BMW M2 puts the engine, chassis and braking hardware from the excellent M4 in a smaller, lighter and more playful package. Sounds good? You betcha. But where will that leave the M4?

This M car commonality isn't really a surprise, considering the current G42-generation 2 Series rides on the same modular CLAR platform that underpins the 3 Series and 4 Series. Compared to the M4, the new M2 has a 4.3-inch shorter wheelbase, but the main structural chassis components are the same. Even the staggered 19-inch front and 20-inch wheels carry over, as do the Michelin Pilot Sport 4S summer tires.

The differences largely come down to individual tuning. The M2's front springs are stiffer while the rear ones are softer, which gives the coupe quicker turn-in and a more lively back end. In fact, the M2 borrows its rear dampers from the upcoming M3 Touring, as greater damping forces are required due to the softer springs.

BMW tweaked the M4's traction control, electronic limited-slip differential and adaptive suspension systems to be better in line with the M2's improved agility, and the smaller coupe gets a unique steering tune too. Meanwhile, the M4's brake-by-wire system carries over unchanged, and the M2 will have two brake feel settings, though the differences between them aren't super noticeable in practice.

But ripping around Austria's Salzburgring, it doesn't take long to notice the M2's agility. It's way more entertaining to chuck into a corner, the traction control letting the rear axle slip just enough for controlled moments of oversteer during tight turns. At the same time, the M2 never feels like a handful or too difficult to rein in, and that's as true on dry pavement as it is after a brief spring shower soaks the Salzburgring surface.

There's more than enough power to keep the M2 pulling hard, since it uses the fantastic 3.0-liter twin-turbo I6 from the M3 and M4. BMW has yet to confirm the M2's official power specs, but in the M4, this engine puts out 473 horsepower and 406 pound-feet of torque. That's a 68-hp bump over the current M2 Competition but an equal amount of torque. It's also a modest increase over the 444-hp M2 CS.

Like the current M2, the new coupe will be offered with a six-speed manual transmission, though you can also get it with the eight-speed automatic found in the M4 Competition. Both setups have their benefits: The manual is super fun with a notchy shifter and a perfectly weighted clutch, while the automatic fires off instantaneous, well-timed gear changes and gives you the option to choose your own adventure with steering wheel-mounted paddles.

As far as I can tell, the M4 only has two major advantages. First, you can get it in Competition spec, where the I6 has a more powerful state of tune (503 hp, 479 lb-ft). You can also get the M4 Competition with BMW's xDrive AWD system, which adds to the coupe's handling prowess and makes it foul-weather friendly — with the right tires, natch.

From a daily livability standpoint, the M2 won't be all that different from the M4. Its back seat is smaller, but who's actually using that on the regular? You'll be able to option the M2 with the M4's carbon front bucket seats, and BMW's new curved dashboard display and iDrive 8 infotainment tech will come standard.

My theory is that the arrival of the 2023 M2 next April will allow the M4 to move slightly more upmarket, leaning more heavily into the grand tourer side of the equation. Or maybe BMW will kill off the base, rear-drive, manual M4 since it'll have the biggest overlap with the M2. But that's just my own wild speculation. Don't quote me unless I end up being right.

If any of that does come to fruition, that'll give the M2 some more breathing room to be the purest driver's car in BMW's compact M space. Everything about the new M2 seems pretty rad at first blush. But considering the M4 linkage, I'm not exactly surprised.

Editors' note: Travel costs related to this story were covered by the manufacturer, which is common in the auto industry. The judgments and opinions of CNET's staff are our own and we do not accept paid editorial content.

The next trio of free games for PlayStation Plus subscribers are in. From Oct. 5, subscribers can get Mortal Kombat X, new title Hell Let Loose and PGA Tour 2K21 for free. You'll be able to do so until Nov. 1, when a new set of games will be cycled in. That means you have a few more days to download September's free games, which include Hitman 2. 

You need PlayStation Plus to play PS4 and PS5 games online, but the service has evolved to be much more than a fee for online play. For $10 a month, or $60 a year (which means you'll get a 50% discount if you opt for an annual membership), subscribers get an evolving list of discounts and, most importantly, access to free games. Usually, Sony offers three free games a month.

It's far from the Xbox Game Pass, the subscription service featuring over a hundred titles that Microsoft is building the Xbox Series X|S around, but there are some amazing deals to be found, especially if you keep an eagle eye on the monthly selection of free games. Once you've downloaded them, you keep these games for as long as you want -- they don't expire after the month is up. 

PS5 owners also get access to the PlayStation Plus Collection, a set of classic PS4 games, for free.

October 2021's free games

October's free games are Mortal Kombat X, Hell Let Loose and PGA Tour 2K21. PlayStation Plus subscribers can download them for free between Oct. 4 and Nov. 1.

Mortal Kombat X (PS4)

Mortal Kombat X isn't the newest game in the franchise -- 2019's Mortal Kombat 11 came after -- but it is one of the best. Mortal Kombat X was released in 2015 to widespread praise, with critics praising its story, character designs and deep gameplay. In fact, GameSpot said it had "the best fighting mechanics of any game in the series" up until that point. Note: This game is already available for free download for PS5 owners in the PlayStation Plus Collection. 

Mortal Kombat X usually retails for $19.99 on the PlayStation Store.

Hell Let Loose (PS5)

If you've never heard of Hell Let Loose before, it's because it's a brand new game -- on PlayStation 5, at least. Originally funded via Kickstarter and then released on PC in 2019, this battle royale game makes its debut on PS5 and Xbox Series X|S on Oct. 5. It's a World War 2 shooter that pits you in 50-versus-50 team battles on either the western front, pitting Germans against Americans, or the Eastern front, where Germans take on the Soviets. 

PGA Tour 2K21 (PS4)

PGA Tour 2K21 is the latest golf simulator -- so if you're after a golf simulator, this is it. Developed by 2K, PGA Tour 2K21 delivers a "a wonderful golf sim that's getting closer to the real thing," according to GameSpot's Steven Petite. 

PGA Tour 2K21 usually retails for $59.99 on the PlayStation Store. 

Read more: Need more PS5 storage? Here's how to pick the right M.2 SSD

September 2021's free games

September's free games are still available for a few more days, but they'll go back to their usual pricing on Oct. 5.

Hitman 2

Hitman was rebooted in 2016 and it's arguably the best the series has ever been. Hitman 2 is the second of three new-era Hitman games, putting you in the shoes of Agent 47 as you navigate sprawling, complex levels to hit your target. It's a game about killing people -- but thoughtfully, more about trial and error than running and gunning, It got an 8/10 score from GameSpot, our sister site, upon its 2018 release.   

Hitman 2 usually retails for $60 on the PlayStation Store.

Overcooked: All You Can Eat

Overcooked is the perfect game for PlayStation Plus, because it's one that's always handy to have on hand. Need something to mindlessly pick up and play? Overcooked. Have friends over? Overcooked. All You Can Eat features over 200 levels from both Overcooked and Overcooked 2, plus DLC content. It's a lot of Overcooked and it's free in September.

Overcooked All You Can Eat usually retails for $40 on the PlayStation Store.

Predator Hunting Grounds

Full disclosure: Predator Hunting Grounds is not a great game. It's a multiplayer game in which you play as either one of four military officers trying to complete various tactical objectives within the jungle, or as the Predator that's trying to hunt them all down one by one. Critics found the game underwhelming, but with a price tag of $0 for September, huge fans of the 1987 blockbuster can play around with hunting or being hunted. 

Predator Hunting Grounds usually retails for $30on the PlayStation Store.

PlayStation Plus Collection

The following games, which Sony says is a collection of generation-defining PlayStation 4 games, is available for free to PlayStation 5 owners. There are some absolute bangers here, including God of War, Bloodborne, The Last of Us: Remastered and Persona 5.

Uncharted 4: A Thief's End

Crash Bandicoot N-Sane Trilogy 

God of War

Mortal Kombat X

Fallout 4

Final Fantasy XV Royal Edition

Monster Hunter World

Persona 5

Resident Evil 7 

Battlefield 1

Call of Duty Black Ops III

The Last of Us: Remastered

Days Gone

Detroit Become Human

Batman Arkham Knight

Infamous Second Son

Until Dawn

Bloodborne

The Last Guardian

Ratchet & Clank

It's hard to envision the Star Wars saga without its distinctive look, from Darth Vader's imposing cape and helmet to Obi-Wan Kenobi's hooded cloak. John Mollo, the Academy Award-winning costume designer who helped create those memorable images, died Oct. 25 of vascular dementia at the age of 86, the Times of London reported.

Star Mark Hamill, who played Luke Skywalker, called Mollo "brilliant" and a "crucial man in (the) look of 'Star Wars' and 'The Empire Strikes Back.'" He shared a photo from the 1978 Oscars showing Mollo with Darth Vader and actress Natalie Wood, who presented the statuette.

Mollo won his first costume-design Oscar for the original 1977 "Star Wars" and later shared one for 1983's "Gandhi." He also worked on "Alien," "Chaplin," "Event Horizon" and "The Three Musketeers," among other films.

His fascination with military history showed in the Star Wars costuming, and he also wrote numerous books on the subject, including "Uniforms of the American Revolution."

He assembled Darth Vader's costume by hitting up Berman's costume company in London (now part of Angels Costumes) and plucking parts from different areas of the store. "For Darth Vader I had to go to three departments — the ecclesiastical department for a robe, the modern department for a motorcycle suit and the military department for a German helmet and gas mask," he told the Times in 2012. "We cobbled it all together, and there was Darth Vader."

He was always modest about the work that became his legacy.

"As you see, the costumes from 'Star Wars' are really not so much costumes as a bit of plumbing and general automobile engineering," Mollo said upon accepting his Oscar.

The early crew had no idea what a hit "Star Wars" would be. "We doubted that it would ever be shown," the Times quoted Mollo as saying. "I remember someone asking me what I was doing and I said, 'It's sort of a space western and one of the heroes is a dustbin.' We really didn't know what we were doing, we were feeling our way along.'"

In 2020, Ford and Lincoln issued a recall for a pair of SUVs for brake hoses that could rupture prematurely. Now, it appears Big Blue Oval and its luxury subsidiary may have a similar issue on its hands.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has opened an investigation into approximately 1.7 million Ford and Lincoln vehicles -- specifically, the 2013 to 2018 Ford Fusion and Lincoln MKZ sedans.

The investigation comes after NHTSA received 50 complaints alleging issues with the brake system. According to the documents posted on NHTSA's website, many of the complaints mention that the car's front brake hosts are rupturing and leaking brake fluid with little or no warning. NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation also received a report of one vehicle crash resulting from a failed brake hose. Thankfully, there were no injuries in that crash.

This is just an investigation for the time being, which means NHTSA is looking into the issue to see if there is a problem that warrants a recall. Ford can issue a voluntary recall on these vehicles, but NHTSA can also compel the automaker to do so. "We are cooperating with NHTSA as we always do," wrote a Ford spokesperson in an email to CNET.

In the 2020 recall for a similar issue, it was determined that front brake hoses were failing on 2015 to 2018 Ford Edge and 2016 to 2018 Lincoln MKX SUVs. This was because suspension and steering movements caused the hoses' internal reinforcement to fail. In that recall, the remedy involved replacing the front brake hoses with an improved version, in addition to bleeding any air from the braking system. 

There was a time when doctors performed surgery on infants without anesthesia. And I don't mean centuries ago. This happened in the 1980s, and it wasn't rare. Somehow, despite babies crying or screaming, the medical community had convinced itself they couldn't feel pain.

A lot of the reasoning had to do with the belief that infant brain pathways were too immature to register the sensation. And a massive contributor to the horrifying misunderstanding was that the tiny patients couldn't verbalize their emotions. They couldn't say: "I'm in a lot of pain. Please help."

Then in 1987, the American Academy of Pediatrics finally deemed the practice we'd now consider barbaric to be unethical. Study after study showed that infants do feel pain like us. And I know I'm not alone in my shock that this practice wasn't remedied sooner. 

But what if humanity is unknowingly falling into a similar trap all over again? What about the emotions of animals?

Like infants, animals can't say: "I'm in a lot of pain. Please help." And many can't even cry, yet there's a growing abundance of research to suggest that animals across the spectrum -- from octopuses to fish to bees -- experience emotional and physical pain, and sometimes even anxiety.

In 2011, for instance, researchers conducted a study on honeybees that involved agitating them by shaking them around. After analyzing the bees, the team saw they exhibited brain chemistry changes, like lowered serotonin, that are directly associated with anxiety, depression and other negative psychological states.

"For animals, we've gone through the same sort of stages, in the sense that, since animals don't talk, their feelings were denied," Frans B. M. de Waal tells me. He's a biologist, primatologist and professor emeritus at Emory University, who's also the author of best-selling books like Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? "It's very strange that people have denied pain in fish for so long, and that's because fish don't call out when they are in pain."

In a new review, published Thursday in the journal Science, de Waal lays out what we know so far about animal emotions -- and what this knowledge might ask us to change in our moral framework as the humans who live among them, test them for science and even eat them.

"Although we are used to thinking about how our actions affect other humans, recognizing widespread animal sentience requires us to also notice -- and consider -- our impact on other species," de Waal and fellow author Kristin Andrews, a professor of philosophy at York University and York Research Chair in Animal Minds, write in their paper. "This way, animal sentience is bound to complicate an already complex moral world."

On the bright side of things, the treatment of animals has steadily been improving over the years, especially of mammals that can cry out in pain or somehow indicate they feel negative sensations, the review notes. 

Dogs, dolphins and cows can yell when they're being hurt, making it much easier for us to empathize with them. And researchers have very strict rules in place for scientific studies that employ animal subjects. When I worked in a laboratory testing mice, I attended a week of specialized training to learn just how to ethically handle and euthanize them. We had a protocol, and if I didn't follow it, there'd be consequences.

But when it comes to species that appear insensitive to painful sensations, like fish, or those that might require complex mechanisms for more-than-baseline comfort, like farm animals, we might have work to do. 

"We can do a lot better," de Waal says. "I've worked all my life with primates in captivity, and it's a rule that primates need to be kept socially ... they have to be kept in a small group. And I think for primates, that's a good rule. But I also know that, in practice, many labs still keep monkeys in single cages."

De Waal also calls out the total lack of laws surrounding ethical treatment for invertebrates.

"We have all sorts of rules for rats and mice -- how you need to treat them, and how you need to kill them, and so on," de Waal says. But despite indications that invertebrates experience sensation too, "we don't have that for them."

Lobsters are invertebrates, and chefs boil these animals alive. This situation might be different if lobsters could look us in the eye and say something like, "I'm in pain."

"In the history of research on emotions, feelings have usually been denied to anyone who cannot speak," de Waal says. "And that's a very strange position because, of course, feelings don't require language. It's not as if you cannot feel if you don't know the language."

Even though we may not know exactly what animal emotions are -- because they can't communicate them through language -- the review says we can identify when they experience negative emotions or positive emotions. 

Some researchers have suggested that organisms that are simpler than humans could have less-developed emotions, and other researchers, de Waal explains, believe the opposite. Perhaps simpler brain chemistry, and thus the inability to contextualize emotions, makes their sensations worse or unceasing. It might be best to use a blanket rule when considering how to ethically treat animals, rather than discriminate by which animal feels the "most" emotion. 

We just don't know yet. Though what we do know is that those emotions exist.

Knowing that animals feel emotions gives rise to a glaring question: Is it unethical to eat them? One extreme might be to say we shouldn't do anything to harm animals at all, ever. No eating, testing or anything else. The other might be to say that what you do to animals doesn't matter.

"I think we need to end up somewhere in between," de Waal says. "You need to take the sentience of animals into account. You cannot just act as if they are rocks -- that's a bit of what we're doing at the moment, in the agricultural industry."

Every day, crowds of chickens, cows, pigs and sheep are tended to on farms "in cooped-up spaces," de Waal says, "without sunlight and without air." De Waal says that when considering a shift in our moral actions, we need to focus on these farm animals, and not just on animals in research labs, with strict regulations, or zoos, with trained professionals. Farm animals, de Waal says, would probably consider a zoo to be a "paradise."

In the end, thinking about how to navigate animal emotions might bring up more moral questions than are answered. Regardless, de Waal says, something needs to change, especially with regard to farm animals. And it's our responsibility to figure it out.

"We're basically treating them as if you can do anything you want," de Waal says. "I don't think that's the right attitude."

Correction, March 26: The original version of this story misstated Kristin Andrews' background. She's a professor of philosophy at York University and York Research Chair in Animal Minds.